The borders are the anterior scalene muscle anteriorly, the middle scalene muscle posteriorly and the medial surface of the first rib inferiorly. The most important of these is the interscalene triangle. TOS involves compression that results in injury or irritation of neurovascular structures as it passes through three narrow passages from base of the neck through the armpits to the arms. 19 ) in 1956 to describe several disorders attributed to mechanical compression of neural and/or vascular structures between the base of the neck and the axilla. The term “thoracic outlet syndrome” was coined by Peet et al. If other causes such as a cervical degenerative disease, rotator cuff rupture, tumors, peripheral nerve entrapment, and other neurologic diseases have been excluded, and the symptoms can be provoked during examination, the case is often classed under thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Diagnosis of these symptoms is often difficult because of the various pain-sensitive structures in the neck, the upper thoracic aperture, and the upper limbs. Pain, weakness, and discomfort in the upper limbs are common. Key words: Brachial plexus neuritis Clavicle Ribs Thoracic outlet syndrome The duration of symptoms, socioeconomic factors and most notably, a stringent diagnostic workup and an adequate operative approach are important. Most patients suffering from any form of TOS can benefit from surgical treatment. The various surgical approaches for this syndrome are evaluated according to their ability to facilitate wide exposure, their potential morbidity, and their beneficial results. Its symptoms are often confused with those of distal compression neuropathies or cervical radiculopathies. The diagnosis and treatment are contentious, and some even question the existence of TOS. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this article presents the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical diagnostics of TOS, as well as the possibilities and outcomes of surgical treatment. However, there is no consistent clinical presentation or definition. Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a constellation of symptoms caused by the compression of neurovascular structures at the superior aperture of the thorax, properly referred to as the thoracic inlet.
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